Abstract views reflect the number of visits to the article landing page. Source: Data Store Saved Search 3215. The evidence for attributing a Cretaceous age to the sedimentary series has already been referred to. Geologists believe eruptions first occurred some 100 million years ago on the floor of the ocean. Tempting tropical beaches, lush forests, and crystalline Caribbean waters are the hallmark of Virgin Islands National Park on the island of St. John. Despite its small size—19 square miles—St. On Saint John, the Tutu Formation is the youngest stratified unit, although volcanism continued on the neighboring British Virgin Islands until the Eocene. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. The geology of the U.S. Virgin Islands includes mafic volcanic rocks, with complex mineralogy that first began to erupt in the Mesozoic overlain and interspersed with carbonate and conglomerate units. Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) program for Virgin Islands National Park, Virgin Islands (VIIS). There are many islands that make up the virgin islands like St.John, St.Thomas, St.Croix, and the smallest of the islands, Water Island. Relevance Igneous activity then changed to that of an island arc, characterized by the Louisenhoj Formation, consisting of andesite and basalt. Located at the east end of the Greater Antilles, St. John resides on the northeastern end of the Caribbean Plate. Broad folds formed due to north-south compression, likely due to the collision of the Greater Antilles arc with the Bahama Platform of the North American Plate. Sort By: The water-table aquifer ranges between five and 68 feet below the grounds surface and overall groundwater in the area contained comparatively high sodium chloride concentrations. (1) 21. * Views captured on Cambridge Core between . 19. East-west compression brought brittle fractures filled with veins of calcite and limonite. Although the island chain comprises Saint Croix, Saint Thomas and Saint John, the most research has focused on the origins of Saint John. All rights reserved. A product of the Geologic Resources Inventory, the NPS Geodiversity Atlas delivers information in support of education, Geoconservation, and integrated management of living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the ecosystem. [1], One of the most in-depth studies of groundwater in the U.S. Virgin Islands was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1995, focused on Saint Croix. Terrigenous sediments are absent, and the entire volcanic sequence appears to have been extruded on the ocean floor. The 1.5 kilometer thick Louisenhoj Formation contains clasts which record a shift toward clinopyroxene andesite and basalt more typical of island arcs, above the Water Island Formation. The Caribbean Plate borders the North American Plate, the South American Plate and the Cocos Plate. This site uses cookies. Stockholm, Contributions to the Geology and Palæontology of the Canal Zone, Panama, The Geology and Physical Geography of Jamaica, The Geology of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Wythe Cooke considers that the igneous basal complex in the Dominican Republic certainly dates from Cretaceous time, but that part is probably older. Much of St. John's vegetation is second-generation growth; most of the island was clear-cut in the colonial period to make way for sugar-cane production. The island began to form with keratophyre and pillow basalt below water, creating the two kilometer thick Water Island Formation in the Early Cretaceous on oceanic plateau crust. Volcanism resumed as evidenced by the Late Cretaceous Tutu Formation, c… A NPS Soil Resources Inventory project has been completed for Virgin Islands National Park and can be found on the NPS Data Store.

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