"Boys found some pieces of wood, enough to make coffins, and we had a small funeral. The gap in the population was filled with immigrants from other parts of Soviet Union, who now comprise a significant section of the population, particularly in Latvia and Estonia, with both countries feeling the effects to this day. http://okupacijasmuzejs.lv/en/history/1-soviet-occupation//, Zahájení deportací z Pobaltí na Sibiř 14. Men, totalling some 8250, were separated from their families, arrested, and sent to GULAG hard labour camps. They fell in love and were married. The most difficult situation was in families where only the mother worked, who then had to feed children and often also her parents. After the Second World War, when the Soviet Union had reoccupied Estonia (after a brief period under the Nazi German occupation), discussion started among the Soviet authorities on carrying out a new mass deportation. Punitive transfers of population transfers handled by the Gulag[50] and the system of forced settlements in the Soviet Union were planned in accordance with the needs of the colonization of the remote and underpopulated territories of the Soviet Union. In 1958, after 17 years in Siberia, Laima and her family were released. PISM. The strongest expression of resistance was an extensive partisan movement. "We worked with the sunlight, deep in the forest, in the cold," said Laima. With offices in Tallinn and Vilnius and its headquarters in Riga, The Baltic Times remains the only pan-Baltic English language newspaper offering complete coverage of regional events. Special emphasis was placed upon the elimination of the nation’s cultural, business, political and military elite. Immediately after conquering Estonia in 1944, the Soviet security forces embarked on active suppression of the resistance movement and arrested the Estonians who had served in the German or Finnish armies. The partial removal of potentially trouble-making ethnic groups was a technique used consistently by Joseph Stalin during his government; between 1935 and 1938 alone, at least ten different nationalities were deported. Istoriya SSSR., 1990, No.4. OTD 1949 secret operation “Priboi” started. The March 1949 deportation was the largest of these when over 20,000 people, mostly women and children, were deported from Estonia. [37] (See Soviet deportations from Bessarabia. Laima Veckalne, a high-spirited teenager, grew up surrounded by the love of family and friends in Riga, Latvia. "We were working for food," she said. ", She was allowed to leave Siberia in 1958, but they would not let her go home. At the initiative of the Soviet authorities, illegal parliamentary elections with forged results were organised in the Baltic states, the results of which were not recognised by democratic Western countries. The victims were gathered in more than 50 assembly points and carted away in more than 600 railway carriages—many nothing but … Dekulakization marked the first time that an entire class was deported, whereas the deportation of the Soviet Koreans in 1937 marked the first instance of an ethnic deportation of an entire nationality. All Crimean Tatars were deported en masse, in a form of collective punishment, on 18 May 1944 as special settlers to Uzbekistan and other distant parts of the Soviet Union. However, repression in all three countries took on a mass aspect in June 1941, just a week before Germany attacked the USSR. From June to autumn 1941 the German army controlled the entire Baltic space. Preparations for carrying out mass deportations were begun not later than 1940 and were part of the total violence directed against the territories occupied by the Soviet Union in 1939-1940. 6. 121–122. But we can always learn from those who were part of it how valuable our freedom is and what it means never to give up, whatever difficulties are placed in our way. Video: Body Memory (2011), a film by Ülo Pikkov, music by Mirjam Tally. In June 1940, persons were detained for political reasons, and from then on it only increased. Some peoples were deported after Stalin's death: in 1959, Chechen returnees were supplanted from the mountains to the Chechen plain. There were deportation… In exchange for their efforts, Laima and the others received a small amount of hard bread. She said, "When they finally released us I was crying in front of the Russians, which I had never before done. Under a secret clause in a treaty between Hitler and Stalin (known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) the Soviet Union laid claim to the hitherto independent Baltic states as their sphere of influence in August 1939. [64] Professor Lyman H. Legters argued that the Soviet penal system, combined with its resettlement policies, should count as genocidal since the sentences were borne most heavily specifically on certain ethnic groups, and that a relocation of these ethnic groups, whose survival depends on ties to its particular homeland, "had a genocidal effect remediable only by restoration of the group to its homeland". pp. Greenwood Press. [9][6][10][11] Of this total, 1.8 million kulaks were deported in 1930–31, 1.0 million peasants and ethnic minorities in 1932–39, whereas about 3.5 million ethnic minorities were further resettled during 1940–52. They were not allowed to leave the area where they were sent. No word of these events was mentioned in Latvia's Soviet-censored newspapers. In the night between 13 and 14 June, about 15,500 Latvian residents—among them 2400 children younger than ten—were arrested without a court order to be deported to distant regions in the Soviet Union.

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