D. I. Mendeleev had first predicted its existence in 1871 because of a gap in the periodic table. The periodic table is made up of 118 elements. chips, lasers, and many other things. other elements, it is used as a transistor element in thousands of electronic It is not attacked by air at room temperature but is oxidized at 600°–700° C (1,100°–1,300° F) and reacts quickly with the halogens to form tetrahalides. The word Germanium comes from the country name Germany. The tetrachloride, already mentioned as an intermediate in obtaining germanium from its natural sources, is a volatile, colourless liquid that freezes at about -50° C (-58° F) and boils at 84° C (183.2° F). here for Germanium's vital statistics. Vedantu academic counsellor will be calling you shortly for your Online Counselling session. Germanium resembles arsenic and antimony in appearance. It is used in metallurgy in refining of metals. . a result of smelters processing zinc ores, and can also It has 2 electrons in K – shell, 8 electrons in L – shell, 18 electrons in M – shell and 4 electrons in its outermost shell N. Ge. It has space applications. They are found in small quantities as the minerals germanite and argyrodite. It is mined from various ores such as sphalerite etc. toxicity, but a marked activity against certain bacteria, which makes them These are then transformed into semiconductors by being doped (infused) with electron donor or acceptor atoms, either by incorporating the impurities in the melt during growth of the crystal or by diffusing the impurities into the crystal after it has been formed. We hope you enjoyed learning and were able to grasp the concepts. Now, Germanium alloys are used to make transistors, computer Germanium is a metalloid element - atomic number 32, atomic mass 72.59 - found in soil and plants. Certain present-day plants are known to concentrate germanium. On a weight basis, germanium is a scarce but not an extremely rare (about 1.5 parts per million) element in the crust of the Earth, equaling in abundance beryllium, molybdenum, and cesium and exceeding the elements arsenic, cadmium, antimony, and mercury. Germanium resembles arsenic and antimony in appearance. Electronic Configuration of Ge (Germanium), Germanium is a p- block element of the periodic table. here. It has 27 synthetic isotopes which have high nuclear energy and are unstable. Single crystals of germanium are grown in an atmosphere of nitrogen or helium from the molten material. Although Russian Chemist Dmitri Mendeleev predicted its existence in 1869 and named it as ekasilicon, it was discovered in 1886 by German Chemist Clemens Alexander Winkler. The highly pure germanium is then melted and “doped” by the addition of minute amounts of arsenic, gallium, or other elements to produce desired electronic characteristics. Germanium is a chemical element which is placed in the 14th group and 4th period in the periodic table. Germanium was discovered late in the history of discovery of chemical elements. the production of germanium of ultra-high purity. It has also been found in stars and in the atmosphere of Jupiter. "When germanium is doped with arsenic Pro Lite, Vedantu Reaction is given below –, Germanium is used in various fields mainly due to its properties such as semiconductor of electricity and high index of refraction of its oxide etc. It can be used in gas chromatography columns in place of SiO, Dichloromethane Uses and Effects on Environment, Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties, Physical Properties of Alkanes and Their Variations, 118 Elements and Their Symbols and Atomic Numbers, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 The Triangle and its Properties, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 3 Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties In Hindi, Surface Chemistry NCERT Solutions - Class 12 Chemistry, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques In Hindi, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 5 Surface Chemistry in Hindi, Class 11 Chemistry Revision Notes for Chapter 3 - Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties, CBSE Class 7 Maths Chapter 6 - Triangle and Its Properties Formulas, CBSE Class 11 Physics Thermal Properties of Matter Formulas, CBSE Class 11 Physics Mechanical Properties of Fluids Formulas, CBSE Class 11 Physics Mechanical Properties of Solids Formulas, Class 11 Physics Revision Notes for Chapter 9 - Mechanical Properties of Solids, Class 11 Physics Revision Notes for Chapter 11 - Thermal Properties of Matter, Class 11 Physics Revision Notes for Chapter 10 - Mechanical Properties of Fluids, Class 11 Chemistry Revision Notes for Chapter 12 - Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques, Class 12 Chemistry Revision Notes for Chapter 5 - Surface Chemistry, Vedantu The cosmic abundance is much less than those of a number of the heavier elements; e.g., bromine, strontium, tin, barium, mercury, and lead. It is a very important semiconductor The five stable isotopes of germanium occur in the following relative amounts: germanium-70, 20.5 percent; germanium-72, 27.4 percent; germanium-73, 7.8 percent; germanium-74, 36.5 percent; and germanium-76, 7.8 percent. Argyrodite is a rare silver germanium sulfide mineral. Element Ge is present after Si and just above Sn in the 4th group of the periodic table. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Reaction is given below –, It reacts with bromine and forms germanium bromide. In these materials, charges created by radiation can be collected efficiently over distances of many centimetres.…. It does not react with dilute acids and bases. Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. To By doing so, you will be able to access free PDFs of NCERT Solutions as well as Revision notes, Mock Tests and much more. Argyrodite is a rare silver germanium sulfide mineral. It is used in the treatment of lung cancer and leukemia. If you are looking for solutions of NCERT Textbook problems based on this topic, then log on to Vedantu website or download Vedantu Learning App. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. It is a lustrous and grayish – white element. (http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/elements/32.html). Although germanium was not discovered until 1886 by Clemens Winkler, a German chemist, its existence, properties, and position in the periodic system had been predicted in 1871 by the Russian chemist Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev, who called the hypothetical element ekasilicon. The US FDA has concluded that inorganic germanium presents potential human health hazards when taken as a nutritional supplement.

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