Altogether 30,620 families and 94,799 people were deported from the three Baltic States. The June deportation took place on June 13 and June 14, 1941, estimated at 15,600 men, women, and children, and including 20% of Latvia's last legal government. Article 4 obliged the Soviet and Latvian governments not to engage in military alliances against the other party. Other states followed the suit. Initially, a maximum of 30 hectares of land could be used by a family, reduced during the second Soviet occupation to 15–20 hectares. The families in forced settlement had to fend for themselves in harsh conditions; the death rate among the very young and the elderly was likewise high.". According to this account, the lawful government of Latvia was overthrown in 1940 and Soviet rule was imposed by force. Ulmanis is forced to resign. The resolution passed December 24, 1989, stated the annexation had been "in conflict with the sovereignty and independence of a number of third countries." The war also inflicted heavy losses on the economy – many historic cities were destroyed, as well as industry and the infrastructure. Apparent escape from Finland's fate may have led to a false sense of security for Latvia. This volume, published with the support of the Lithuanian Research Council, offers English-language readers up-to-date information and critical insight into one aspect of the wartime ordeal experienced by the people of these states—forced deportation by the Soviet regime. Loved ones had no way of knowing what had become of those deported. Your Lithuania along with the other Baltic nations, including Finland, will have to join the glorious family of the Soviet Union. The Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940[1][2][3] refers to the military occupation of the Republic of Latvia by the Soviet Union under the provisions of the 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with Nazi Germany and its Secret Additional Protocol signed in August 1939. The deportation began in the night of 24 March. They have been estimated at 35,000 dead from military action, executions, or deportation. The two occasions on which the Baltic states were forcibly joined to the Soviet Union had an especially tragic impact on their inhabitants. During talks in Moscow, on October 2, 1939, Stalin told Vilhelms Munters, the Latvian foreign minister: "I tell you frankly, a division of spheres of interest has already taken place. Also, rebel units were ordered to disarm. Log in to your personal account or through your institution. It must be noted, however, that the deportation to GULAG prison camps and forced settlement areas took place at other times as well. [16], The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, signed August 23, 1939 contained secret protocols to split up territories between Germany and the Soviet Union. And behind these sensational images political transformation was driven by a deeper cultural process that scholars describe as the “return of memory,” manifest in the lifting of censorship, the opening of sealed archives, and the telling of traumatic life stories long suppressed.². [43] The majority of ethnic Latvians who had been forced to serve in the Red Army deserted from their units, and soon afterwards attacked the NKVD. Stalin ordered the Estonian Communist party to organize a. In Latvia's case it was signed by Latvian Minister of Foreign Affairs Vilhelms Munters and Soviet Commissar of Foreign Affairs Vyacheslav Molotov. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917, Latvia declared its independence on November 18, 1918. [5], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Tradition of Deportation Commemoration", Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity, Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania, Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic 1944-1991, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soviet_deportations_from_Latvia&oldid=981345719, Articles needing additional references from June 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 1 October 2020, at 19:21. Packed into barred cattle cars, with holes in the floor for sanitation, the deportees were taken to Siberia. [30]:54–56 Further reductions in the civilian population would be achieved through the creation of food shortages, resulting in mass starvation.[30]:56. The families in forced settlement had to fend for themselves in harsh conditions; the death rate among the very young and the elderly was likewise high. There are people who will say that these favourable conditions are of a temporary nature only, and that sooner or later we shall have to reckon with internal-political and foreign-political pressure on the part of the Soviet Union. Immediately after establishing its rule through its collaborators and proxies, the Soviets began deporting the elites to the Soviet Union, culminating in the mass deportation on 14 June 1941 of more than 15,000 people. As regards Latvia, it was determined that the population of around 2,000,000 should be reduced by 50%, those remaining being considered worthy of "Germanisation". The Communist regime in the Soviet Union engaged in mass relocations to enforce its political, social and nationalities policies and to persecute and silence its critics and opponents. On July 2, 1941, a unit of Latvian deserters captured the town of Sigulda, and three days later, Latvian rebels took control over another town, Smiltene, also blocking the strategic road to Pskov. The issue of the Soviet occupation, its motives and consequences, remains a bone of contention between the Baltic states and Russia. Politiskās prāvas Latvijā 1940–1986: Noziegumos pret padomju valsti apsūdzēto Latvijas iedzīvotāju rādītājs [Political Trials in Latvia: Index of Inhabitants of Latvia Accused in Crimes against the Soviet State 1940–1986]. Economic difficulties, dissatisfaction with the Latvian government policies "that had sabotaged fulfillment of the Pact and the Latvian government" and political orientation towards Nazi Germany led to a revolutionary situation culminating in June 1940. [27] Articles of the treaty were: As Latvian National Foundation says the agreement called for Latvia to: At face value, this pact did not impinge upon Latvian sovereignty. Many Latvians were sent to the so-called "filtration" and POW camps" after World II, imprisoned or re-deported after they had been allowed to return to Latvia. This deportation of more than 42,000 people was carried out to end the resistance to collectivisation of the farms and at the same time to get rid of the supporters of national partisans. Moscow dispatched a telegram of congratulations to Berlin on the premature news that Warsaw had fallen to the Nazis. The last Russian troops withdrew from the station the following year.[47]. Families were separated. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Many Latvians fled in fishermen's boats and ships to Sweden and Germany, from where until 1951 they drifted to various parts of the Western world (mostly Australia and North America). Approximately 150,000 Latvians ended up in exile in the West. It must be noted, however, that the deportation to GULAG prison camps and forced settlement areas took place at other times as well. On March 25 the Baltic countries remember the victims of the 1949 mass deportations, during which over 42,000 Latvian residents (2% of the pre-war population) were deported to … Apparent escape from Finland's fate may have led to a false sense of security for Latvia. The Soviet Union incorporated Latvia on 5 August 1940, as The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic. The Musealization of Soviet Deportations, Breaking the Silence? When Nazi Germany attacked Soviet Union, those rebels immediately went into collaboration with Nazi Germany.[43]. JSTOR®, the JSTOR logo, JPASS®, Artstor®, Reveal Digital™ and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA. 87% Upvoted. In July 1989, the country stepped on the road of the restoration of its independence, and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Latvia's sovereignty was fully restored in 1991. In light of the German advance in the east, the Soviet government demanded an Anglo–French guarantee of the independence of the Baltic states, during their negotiations for an alliance with the Western Powers. After the Nazi German occupation from 1941 to 1944/45, the USSR reoccupied Latvia and applied harsh measures to punish the people for alleged collaboration with the enemy and resisting Soviet occupation. Vīksne, Rudīte and Kārlis Kangeris, eds. The Finns refused to sign a pact of mutual assistance,[34][35] and on November 30, the Soviet Union attacked Finland, launching the Winter War. addy5884b5a8cc97170f7c354227ce55c523 = addy5884b5a8cc97170f7c354227ce55c523 + 'latnet' + '.' + 'lv'; Section 5 of the Pact reads as follows: "The carrying into effect of the present pact must in no way affect the sovereign rights of the contracting parties, in particular their political structure, their economic and social system, and their military measures. [24] USSR then violated the air space of all three Baltic states, flying massive intelligence gathering operations on September 25. (The consideration of such an action was denied throughout the election.) A Pact of Mutual Assistance was signed[48] allowing the USSR to station a limited number of Red Army units in Latvia. Women and children were taken to so-called "administrative settlements" as family members of "enemies of the people". Nazi Germany, however, had no plan or desire to restore autonomy to Latvia, even though they ordered Colonel Alexander Plesners to oversee formation of the Latvian Defence Forces. 123–125 and 127. Soviet Deportations from Latvia. Soviet repression and deportations in the Baltic states Hundreds of thousands of innocent people became the victims of two Soviet occupations of the Baltic states: Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. It was an era of iconoclasm, marked by massive rallies, the burning of flags, and the toppling of statues, broadcast to the astonishment of the entire world. People to be deported were awakened in the night and given less than one hour to prepare for the journey. The testimonies and memoirs written by people deported to the Gulag were avidly read during the time of the popular movements against Soviet rule throughout Baltic societies. France subsequently requested Britain not bomb Germany, fearing military retaliation against the French populace. Following French-British indecision, Britain acted alone moving forward with a two-hour ultimatum at 9:00am on September 3, which France was then forced to follow, issuing its own ultimatum. Food rations were meagre, and did not replace the calories expended through work. Chamberlain declared on September 12 "There is no hurry as time is on our side. In 2000, Soviet Occupation Day—June 17—became a remembrance day in Latvia. View Full Article in Timesmachine », See the article in its original context from. No word of these events was mentioned in Latvia's Soviet-censored newspapers. On August 23, 1989 political demonstration Baltic Way took place. Because the Soviet attack was judged as illegal, the Soviet Union was expelled from the League of Nations on December 14. [30]:48 Many more found refuge abroad.

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